Jusepe de Ribera (1591–1652) – mały Hiszpan, wielki malarz

Jusepe de Ribera, Sąd Salomona, Galleria Borghese

Jusepe de Ribera, Sąd Salomona, Galleria Borghese

Artysta urodził się w rodzinie szewca, w leżącym opodal Walencji miasteczku Xàtiva. Niewiele wiemy o naukach odebranych przez młodego malarza – być może był uczniem cieszącego się sławą, żyjącego w Walencji Francisca Ribalty. Nieznane są również przyczyny jego emigracji ani czas opuszczenia Hiszpanii. Badacze przypuszczają jedynie, że region Walencji po wyrzuceniu morysków na tyle zubożał, że artysta znalazł się w gronie rzemieślników zmuszonych poszukiwać pracy z dala od rodzinnych stron.

Jusepe de Ribera, Sąd Salomona, Galleria Borghese
Jusepe de Ribera, Żebrak, Galleria Borghese
Jusepe de Ribera, Alegoria smaku, Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, USA
Jusepe de Ribera, Alegoria zapachu, Juan Abelló Collection
Jusepe de Ribera, Święty Piotr uwolniony z więzienia, Galleria Borghese
Jusepe de Ribera, Wyparcie się świętego Piotra, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica, Palazzo Corsini
Jusepe de Ribera, papież Grzegorz Wlk., Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Palazzo Barberini
Jusepe de Ribera, Święty Jakub Starszy, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica, Palazzo Barberini
Jusepe de Ribera, Męczeństwo świętego Bartłomieja, Galleria Pallavicini
Jusepe de Ribera, Święty Hieronim i trąba przypominająca o Sądzie Ostatecznym, Galleria Doria Pamphilj
Jusepe de Ribera, Wenus dociera do umierającego Adonisa, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica, Palazzo Corsini
Jusepe de Ribera, Pokutujaca Maria Egipcjanka (kopia), Galleria Borghese

Artysta urodził się w rodzinie szewca, w leżącym opodal Walencji miasteczku Xàtiva. Niewiele wiemy o naukach odebranych przez młodego malarza – być może był uczniem cieszącego się sławą, żyjącego w Walencji Francisca Ribalty. Nieznane są również przyczyny jego emigracji ani czas opuszczenia Hiszpanii. Badacze przypuszczają jedynie, że region Walencji po wyrzuceniu morysków na tyle zubożał, że artysta znalazł się w gronie rzemieślników zmuszonych poszukiwać pracy z dala od rodzinnych stron.

Do Wiecznego Miasta przybył, według najnowszych badań, jeszcze w wieku nastoletnim. Pierwszym obrazem, który tam stworzył, był datowany na lata 1609–1610 Sąd Salomona. Przez dekady dzieło to przypisywano anonimowemu artyście, którego Roberto Longhi nazwał umownie Mistrzem Sądu Salomona. Dopiero w 2002 roku atrybucję tę obalił inny włoski badacz – Gianni Papi, uznając płótno za wczesną pracę Ribery, w której znać już rękę zdolnego malarza. Pisemne wzmianki dowodzą, że w 1613 roku Ribera wstąpił w szeregi rzymskiej Akademii św. Łukasza. I choć w metryce widniało imię Joan Josep, on sam sygnował swoje obrazy imieniem Jusepe, choć we Włoszech znany był przede wszystkim pod przezwiskiem Lo Spagnoletto (mały Hiszpan).

W Rzymie Ribera cieszył się popularnością i uznaniem, o czym świadczą liczne zlecenia pozyskiwane od tamtejszych prywatnych kolekcjonerów, poszukujących dzieł podobnych do płócien Caravaggia – a młody Hiszpan wydawał się w swej sztuce intensyfikować i kondensować to wszystko, co wcześniej stworzył Michelangelo Merisi. Cenili go zleceniodawcy wywodzący się z Hiszpanii, jak Pietro Cussida, ale też Włosi – Vincenzo Giustiniani, który miał w swojej kolekcji aż trzynaście obrazów malarza, Scipione Borghese oraz członkowie rodu Lancellottich.

W artystycznym środowisku Rzymu malarz obracał się głównie w towarzystwie swych równolatków – malarzy niderlandzkich, i to oni w dużej mierze (obok Caravaggia) zapładniali jego wyobraźnię (m.in. Dirck van Baburen, Geritt van Honthorst). Malowali podobne motywy, wymieniali się rekwizytami, wspólnie spędzali czas.



    W Rzymie przyniósł malarzowi sławę cykl płócien obrazujących bardzo popularny w tym czasie temat pięciu zmysłów. Ribera przedstawił je w formie personifikacji – siedzących za stołem, patrzących wprost na widza dojrzałych mężczyzn. Mają oni na ogół plebejskie rysy i proste, często brudne ubrania. Szczególnie ciekawy jest obraz przedstawiający załzawionego, odzianego w łachmany włóczęgę trzymającego w ręku cebulę (Alegoria zapachu, kolekcja prywatna), czy grubego Cygana z kolczykiem w uchu ukazanego przed talerzem makaronu (Alegoria smaku,  Wadsworth  Atheneum, Hartford, USA). W tych wczesnych obrazach artysta ujawnia najistotniejsze elementy swojego warsztatu, które rozwijać będzie w następnych latach: monumentalizację postaci i naturalistyczne podejście do tematu, oparte na wnikliwym oglądzie rzeczywistości. To werystyczne wręcz malarstwo, ukazujące brzydkie, gminne typy postaci, swe apogeum osiągnie w namalowanym również w tym czasie Żebraku – obrazie do dziś pozostającym w Rzymie.


Ribera zamieszkał w mieście nad Tybrem wraz z braćmi, z których jeden również parał się malarstwem, przy via Margutta i używał życia. Sporo na ten temat napisał w książce Considerazioni sulla pittura  (1614–1621) biograf ówczesnego środowiska rzymskich artystów Giulio Mancini, który jako zapalony kolekcjoner miał w swych zbiorach także jeden obraz Hiszpana. Z upodobaniem przedstawia on hulaszcze życie i problemy finansowe młodego malarza, pisząc, iż Ribera był ciągle zadłużony po uszy, ale posiadał dar zjednywania sobie ludzi i przekonywania do siebie dłużników, wśród których byli między innymi rzeźnicy i sprzedawcy warzyw. Umiał ich za każdym razem nakłonić, by odroczyli mu spłatę zaległych rachunków i zaciągniętych pożyczek. Mancini pisze też, że Ribera żył w malowniczej biedzie otoczony kobietami i często spędzał noce na bójkach ze stróżami porządku publicznego. Odwiedzał tawerny (Osteria del Moro, Osteria della Lupa, Osteria del Sole) na Polu Marsowym (Campo Marzio), do których chętnie chadzał wcześniej Caravaggio (zanim uciekł z miasta), gdzie grało się w karty i kości, spotykało dziewczęta lekkich obyczajów, słuchało muzyki, jadło kiełbaski i mięsne pasztety.

Biograf donosił też, że po przyjeździe do Wiecznego Miasta Ribera pracował, podobnie jak inni adepci sztuki, „na dniówki” w warsztatach innych artystów i zyskał z czasem opinię zdolnego malarza. Pozwoliło mu to zrobić szybką karierę i osiągnąć spore zyski. Równie szybko je jednak tracił. Czasem bywał leniwy, pisał Mancini, a równocześnie ekstrawagancki w wydawaniu pieniędzy; na dodatek któregoś roku (najpewniej w 1614) naraził się władzom kościelnym, gdy nie przystąpił do wielkanocnej spowiedzi, co zostało skrzętnie odnotowane w księgach parafialnych. Powodem wyjazdu malarza z Rzymu były, według Manciniego, jego problemy finansowe (długi), przed którymi postanowił w 1616 roku uciec do Neapolu.

    Mancini uważał Riberę za malarza wybitnego, „jakich nie widziano w mieście od lat”. W jego opinii podążał on drogą nakreśloną przez Caravaggia, choć – jak pisał – „jest od niego bardziej gwałtowny i odważny”, a jego malarstwo cechuje pomysłowość w doborze tematów i kolorystyki. Takie było też przeświadczenie jemu współczesnych. Malarz Lodovico Carracci w liście z 1618 roku pisał o hiszpańskim twórcy, który „podąża za szkołą Caravaggia”. Potwierdził to urodzony już po śmierci malarza biograf środowiska hiszpańskich artystów Antonio Palomino w swoim dziele El parnaso español pintoresco y laureado, donosząc jednocześnie, że Ribera osiągnął doskonałe efekty światłocieniowe, w naśladowaniu natury idąc dalej niż Caravaggio.

W Rzymie Ribera miał też sposobność poznania malarzy traktujących tenebryzm i manierę Caravaggia jedynie jako artystyczną przygodę. Takim twórcą był Guido Reni – wschodząca gwiazda rzymskiej sztuki, od którego Ribera zaczerpnie swoisty klasycyzm. Nastąpi to dopiero pod koniec jego pobytu w mieście nad Tybrem i w intensywny sposób rozwinie się po wyjeździe do Neapolu, gdzie ostatecznie malarz osiądzie i się ustatkuje. Miasto u podnóża Wezuwiusza należało w tym czasie do imperium hiszpańskiego, a rządzący tam jako wicekról książę Osuna stał się wielkim protektorem i zleceniodawcą malarza.

  Obrazy Ribery w kolekcjach rzymskich

              Galleria Borghese

Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica

  •     Wyparcie się świętego Piotra, 1615–1616 (Palazzo Corsini)
  •     Wenus dociera do umierającego Adonisa, 1637 (Palazzo Corsini)
  •     Święty Grzegorz Wielki, 1611–1616 (Palazzo Barberini)
  •     Święty Jakub Starszy, ok. 1632 (Palazzo Barberini)

Galleria Pallavicini

  •     Męczeństwo świętego Bartłomieja, 1615–1616

                Galleria Doria Pamphilj

  •     Święty Hieronim i trąba przypominająca o Sądzie Ostatecznym, 1629–1637
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        • 1. 15
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '15' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 15
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '16' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 16
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '16' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 16
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 17
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '17' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 17
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '18' and `lang` = 'pl'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 18
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '18' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 18
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '19' and `lang` = 'pl'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 19
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '19' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 19
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '20' and `lang` = 'pl'290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 20
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '20' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'670μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')800μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')660μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'890μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')860μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '548' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 548
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '548' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 548
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '548' and `lang` = 'pl'720μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 548
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '548' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 548
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '548'300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 548
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '548' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 548
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '548'580μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 548
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '5' limit 1350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '5' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 5
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '2' limit 1830μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '548'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 548
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')280μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7896' and `lang` = 'pl'2.47msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7896
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7898' and `lang` = 'pl'850μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7898
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7899' and `lang` = 'pl'470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7899
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7900' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7900
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7901' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7901
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7902' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7902
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7903' and `lang` = 'pl'570μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7903
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7904' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7904
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7905' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7905
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7906' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7906
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7908' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7908
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7909' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7909
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '548'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 548
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '98' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 98
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '98' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 98
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '98' and `lang` = 'pl'470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 98
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '98' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 98
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '98'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 98
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '98' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 98
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '98'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 98
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '113' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 113
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Metadata
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        Hints
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        Metadata
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Metadata
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
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        Metadata
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
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        Metadata
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        Hints
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